The Arduino (Compatible) Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. Arduino is a popular open-source physical computing platform that is simple to use and easy to learn. You can use Arduino to develop stand-alone interactive objects or to connect to software on your computer. The Arduino IDE is free to download for Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux.
The DCcduino Uno is a micro-controller board compatible with the Arduino Uno R3. It has 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. Simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
RAMPS is short for Reprap Arduino Mega Pololu Shield, it is mainly designed for the purpose of using pololu stepper driver boards (similar to 4988 driven board). RAMPS can only work when connected to its mother board Mega 2560 and 4988/DRV8825.